Results for 'A. David Smith'

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  1. Husserl and externalism.A. David Smith - 2008 - Synthese 160 (3):313-333.
    It is argued that Husserl was an “externalist” in at least one sense. For it is argued that Husserl held that genuinely perceptual experiences—that is to say, experiences that are of some real object in the world—differ intrinsically, essentially and as a kind from any hallucinatory experiences. There is, therefore, no neutral “content” that such perceptual experiences share with hallucinations, differing from them only over whether some additional non-psychological condition holds or not. In short, it is argued that Husserl was (...)
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  2.  19
    Fading perceptual resemblance: A path for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to conceptual matching?J. David Smith, Timothy M. Flemming, Joseph Boomer, Michael J. Beran & Barbara A. Church - 2013 - Cognition 129 (3):598-614.
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  3.  15
    What child is this? What interval was that? Familiar tunes and music perception in novice listeners.J. David Smith, Deborah G. Kemler Nelson, Lisa A. Grohskopf & Terry Appleton - 1994 - Cognition 52 (1):23-54.
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  4.  10
    Satisfaction of Interest and the Concept of Morality.David Copp & Steven A. Smith - 1977 - Philosophical Review 86 (1):112.
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  5.  22
    A Rawlsian Rule for Corporate Governance.David Rönnegard & N. Craig Smith - 2024 - Journal of Business Ethics 190 (2):295-308.
    Business ethics can be regarded as a field dealing with corporate _self-regulation_ as it relates to the treatment of stakeholders. However, a concern for corporate stakeholders need not take a corporate-centric perspective, as shown by recent efforts (especially Singer in Bus Ethics Q 25(1):65–92, 2015) to situate corporate conduct within Rawls’ political theory. Although Rawls was largely mute on the subject himself, his theory has implications for business ethics and corporate governance more specifically. Given an understanding of a “Rawlsian society” (...)
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  6.  13
    Philosophy, methodology and educational research.David Bridges & Richard Smith (eds.) - 2007 - Malden, MA: Blackwell.
    This book evaluates the increasingly wide variety of intellectual resources for research methods and methodologies and investigates what constitutes good educational research. Written by a distinguished international group of philosophers of education Questions what sorts of research can usefully inform policy and practice, and what inferences can be drawn from different kinds of research Demonstrates the critical engagement of philosophers of education with the wider educational research community and illustrates the benefits that can accrue from such engagement.
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  7. Foundation for a Realist Ontology of Cognitive Processes.David Kasmier, David Limbaugh & Barry Smith - 2019 - In David Kasmier, David Limbaugh & Barry Smith (eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Biomedical Ontology (ICBO), University at Buffalo, NY.
    What follows is a first step towards an ontology of conscious mental processes. We provide a theoretical foundation and characterization of conscious mental processes based on a realist theory of intentionality and using BFO as our top-level ontology. We distinguish three components of intentional mental process: character, directedness, and objective referent, and describe several features of the process character and directedness significant to defining and classifying mental processes. We arrive at the definition of representational mental process as a process that (...)
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  8. Philosophy, methodology and educational research: Introduction.David Bridges & Richard Smith - 2006 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 40 (2):131–135.
    This book evaluates the increasingly wide variety of intellectual resources for research methods and methodologies and investigates what constitutes good educational research. Written by a distinguished international group of philosophers of education Questions what sorts of research can usefully inform policy and practice, and what inferences can be drawn from different kinds of research Demonstrates the critical engagement of philosophers of education with the wider educational research community and illustrates the benefits that can accrue from such engagement.
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  9.  39
    R. G. Collingwood: An Autobiography and Other Writings: With Essays on Collingwood's Life and Work.David Boucher & Teresa Smith (eds.) - 2013 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    This volume presents a many-faceted view of the great Oxford philosopher R. G. Collingwood. At its centre is his Autobiography of 1939, a cult classic for its compelling 'story of his thought'. That work is accompanied here by previously unpublished writings by Collingwood and eleven specially written essays on aspects of his life and work.
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  10. Beyond Paper.David Koepsell & Barry Smith - 2014 - The Monist 97 (2):222–235.
    The authors outline the way in which documents as social objects have evolved from their earliest forms to the electronic documents of the present day. They note that while certain features have remained consistent, processes regarding document authentication are seriously complicated by the easy reproducibility of digital entities. The authors argue that electronic documents also raise significant questions concerning the theory of ‘documentality’ advanced by Maurizio Ferraris, especially given the fact that interactive documents seem to blur the distinctions between the (...)
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  11.  25
    Shareholders vs. Stakeholders: How Liberal and Libertarian Political Philosophy Frames the Basic Debate in Business Ethics.David Rönnegard & N. Craig Smith - 2013 - Business and Professional Ethics Journal 32 (3-4):183-220.
    The “basic debate” in business ethics between shareholder theory and stakeholder theory has underlined the field since its inception, with wide ranging normative, descriptive, and instrumental arguments offered on both sides. We maintain that insofar as this is primarily a normative debate, clarity can be brought by elucidating how it is framed by the political philosophies of liberalism and libertarianism.With liberalism represented by John Rawls’s theory of justice and libertarianism represented by the ideas of Milton Friedman and Robert Nozick, and (...)
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  12.  30
    Shareholders vs. Stakeholders: How Liberal and Libertarian Political Philosophy Frames the Basic Debate in Business Ethics.David Rönnegard & N. Craig Smith - 2013 - Business and Professional Ethics Journal 32 (3-4):183-220.
    The “basic debate” in business ethics between shareholder theory and stakeholder theory has underlined the field since its inception, with wide ranging normative, descriptive, and instrumental arguments offered on both sides. We maintain that insofar as this is primarily a normative debate, clarity can be brought by elucidating how it is framed by the political philosophies of liberalism and libertarianism.With liberalism represented by John Rawls’s theory of justice and libertarianism represented by the ideas of Milton Friedman and Robert Nozick, and (...)
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  13.  15
    A chemical sense of self in timber and prairie rattlesnakes.David Chiszar, Hobart M. Smith, Charles M. Bogert & Jason Vidaurri - 1991 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 29 (2):153-154.
  14.  8
    Introduction.David Bridges & Richard Smith - 2006 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 40 (4):417–419.
    This is the second of two Special Issues, the first of which appeared as Volume 40, Issue 2 of this year. In the first Issue, our contributors were particularly inclined to question two assumptions that colour thinking about educational research. The first is that educational research is essentially a ‘scientific’ exercise, reaching its apogee in randomised control trials, as if medical research were the ideal to which all other kinds of research should attempt to measure up, and as if education (...)
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  15. Ontological Foundations for Geographic Information Science.David Mark, Barry Smith, Max Egenhofer & Stephen Hirtle - 2004 - In Robert McMaster & E. Lynn Usery (eds.), A Research Agenda for Geographic Information Science. CRC Press. pp. 335-350.
    We propose as a UCGIS research priority the topic of “Ontological Foundations for Geographic Information.” Under this umbrella we unify several interrelated research subfields, each of which deals with different perspectives on geospatial ontologies and their roles in geographic information science. While each of these subfields could be addressed separately, we believe it is important to address ontological research in a unitary, systematic fashion, embracing conceptual issues concerning what would be required to establish an exhaustive ontology of the geospatial domain, (...)
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  16.  92
    Donation After Circulatory Death: Burying the Dead Donor Rule.David Rodríguez-Arias, Maxwell J. Smith & Neil M. Lazar - 2011 - American Journal of Bioethics 11 (8):36-43.
    Despite continuing controversies regarding the vital status of both brain-dead donors and individuals who undergo donation after circulatory death (DCD), respecting the dead donor rule (DDR) remains the standard moral framework for organ procurement. The DDR increases organ supply without jeopardizing trust in transplantation systems, reassuring society that donors will not experience harm during organ procurement. While the assumption that individuals cannot be harmed once they are dead is reasonable in the case of brain-dead protocols, we argue that the DDR (...)
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  17.  23
    Democracy and Education.Dennis L. Carlson, Aubrey Moseley, David DeLong & Gregory A. Smith - 1997 - Educational Studies 28 (3-4):212-224.
  18. Peer Review Report: Ontologies Relevant to Behaviour Change Interventions, version 1.Robert M. Kelly, David Limbaugh & Barry Smith - 2020 - Human Behaviour Change Project.
    In “Ontologies Relevant to behaviour change interventions: A Method for their Development” Wright, et al. outline a step by step process for building ontologies of behaviour modification – what the authors call the Refined Ontology Developmental Method (RODM) – and demonstrate its use in the development of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO). RODM is based on the principles of good ontology building used by the Open Biomedical Ontology (OBO) Foundry in addition to those outlined in (Arp, Smith, and (...)
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  19.  23
    Transplant Ethics: Let’s Begin the Conversation Anew: A Critical Look at One Institute’s Experience with Transplant Related Ethical Issues.David Shafran, Martin L. Smith, Barbara J. Daly & David Goldfarb - 2016 - HEC Forum 28 (2):141-152.
    Standardizing consultation processes is increasingly important as clinical ethics consultation becomes more utilized in and vital to medical practice. Solid organ transplant represents a relatively nascent field replete with complex ethical issues that, while explored, have not been systematically classified. In this paper, we offer a proposed taxonomy that divides issues of resource allocation from viable solutions to the issue of organ shortage in transplant and then further distinguishes between policy and bedside level issues. We then identify all transplant related (...)
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  20. Peer Review Report: Ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions, version 3.Robert M. Kelly, David Limbaugh & Barry Smith - 2021 - Human Behaviour Change Project.
    In the present review we focus on what we take to be some remaining issues with the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO). We are in full agreement with the authors’ endorsement of the principles of best practice for ontology development In particular, we agree that an ontology should be “logically consistent and having a clear structures [sic], preferably a well-organised hierarchical structure,” and that “Maximising the new ontology’s interoperability with existing ontologies by reusing entities from existing ontologies where appropriate” is (...)
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  21. Ontology, natural language, and information systems: Implications of cross-linguistic studies of geographic terms.David M. Mark, Werner Kuhn, Barry Smith & A. G. Turk - 2003 - In Mark David M., Werner Kuhn, Smith Barry & Turk A. G. (eds.), 6th Annual Conference of the Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe (AGILE),. pp. 45-50.
    Ontology has been proposed as a solution to the 'Tower of Babel' problem that threatens the semantic interoperability of information systems constructed independently for the same domain. In information systems research and applications, ontologies are often implemented by formalizing the meanings of words from natural languages. However, words in different natural languages sometimes subdivide the same domain of reality in terms of different conceptual categories. If the words and their associated concepts in two natural languages, or even in two terminological (...)
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  22.  10
    Learning the generative principles of a symbol system from limited examples.Lei Yuan, Violet Xiang, David Crandall & Linda Smith - 2020 - Cognition 200 (C):104243.
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  23. 6th Annual Conference of the Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe (AGILE),.M. Mark David, Werner Kuhn, Smith Barry & A. G. Turk (eds.) - 2003
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  24.  40
    Lucid dreaming incidence: A quality effects meta-analysis of 50 years of research.David T. Saunders, Chris A. Roe, Graham Smith & Helen Clegg - 2016 - Consciousness and Cognition 43:197-215.
  25.  25
    Collective obituary for James D. Marshall (1937–2021).Michael Peters, Colin Lankshear, Lynda Stone, Paul Smeyers, Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Roger Dale, Graham Hingangaroa Smith, Nesta Devine, Robert Shaw, Bruce Haynes, Denis Philips, Kevin Harris, Marc Depaepe, David Aspin, Richard Smith, Hugh Lauder, Mark Olssen, Nicholas C. Burbules, Peter Roberts, Susan L. Robertson, Ruth Irwin, Susanne Brighouse & Tina Besley - 2021 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 54 (4):331-349.
    Michael A. PetersBeijing Normal UniversityMy deepest condolences to Pepe, Dom and Marcus and to Jim’s grandchildren. Tina and I spent a lot of time at the Marshall family home, often attending dinn...
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  26.  11
    Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for the Treatment of Music Performance Anxiety: A Pilot Study with Student Vocalists.David G. Juncos, Glenn A. Heinrichs, Philip Towle, Kiera Duffy, Sebastian M. Grand, Matthew C. Morgan, Jonathan D. Smith & Evan Kalkus - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
  27. CARO: The Common Anatomy Reference Ontology.Haendel Melissa, A. Neuhaus, Fabian Osumi-Sutherland, David Mabee, M. Paula, L. V. MejinoJosé, Mungall Chris, J. Smith & Barry - 2008 - In Anatomy Ontologies for Bioinformatics: Principles and Practice. Springer. pp. 327--349.
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  28. Introduction.Barry Smith & David Woodruff Smith - 1995 - In Barry Smith & David Woodruff Smith (eds.), The Cambridge companion to Husserl. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Husserl’s philosophy, by the usual account, evolved through three stages: 1. development of an anti-psychologistic, objective foundation of logic and mathematics, rooted in Brentanian descriptive psychology; 2. development of a new discipline of "phenomenology" founded on a metaphysical position dubbed "transcendental idealism"; transformation of phenomenology from a form of methodological solipsism into a phenomenology of intersubjectivity and ultimately (in his Crisis of 1936) into an ontology of the life-world, embracing the social worlds of culture and history. We show that this (...)
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  29.  39
    Perception, Context, and Direct Realism.David Woodruff Smith - 2012 - In Dan Zahavi (ed.), The Oxford handbook of contemporary phenomenology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    This chapter, which is concerned with the phenomenology of perception, especially the role of content and context in the intentionality of perception, tries to provide an account of the structure of perceptual experience and its intentional relation to its objects. In particular, it presents an analysis of consciousness and intentionality in perception. Perceptual experience is sensuous and paradigmatically intentional. The intentional character of a visual experience of an object is different to the successful intentional relation between the experience and the (...)
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  30.  10
    Correspondance Générale D'Helvétius.J. A. Helvétius, Anne-Catherine Dainard, Jean Helvétius, David Warner Orsoni & Smith - 1981
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  31.  23
    Young children’s release from proactive interference: The effects of category typicality.David F. Bjorklund, Steven C. Smith & Peter A. Ornstein - 1982 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 20 (4):211-213.
  32. Benefits of Realist Ontologies to Systems Engineering.Eric Merrell, Robert M. Kelly, David Kasmier, Barry Smith, Marc Brittain, Ronald Ankner, Evan Maki, Curtis W. Heisey & Kevin Bush - 2021 - 8th International Workshop on Ontologies and Conceptual Modelling (OntoCom).
    Applied ontologies have been used more and more frequently to enhance systems engineering. In this paper, we argue that adopting principles of ontological realism can increase the benefits that ontologies have already been shown to provide to the systems engineering process. Moreover, adopting Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), an ISO standard for top-level ontologies from which more domain specific ontologies are constructed, can lead to benefits in four distinct areas of systems engineering: (1) interoperability, (2) standardization, (3) testing, and (4) data (...)
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  33. Gene Ontology annotations: What they mean and where they come from.David P. Hill, Barry Smith, Monica S. McAndrews-Hill & Judith A. Blake - 2008 - BMC Bioinformatics 9 (5):1-9.
    The computational genomics community has come increasingly to rely on the methodology of creating annotations of scientific literature using terms from controlled structured vocabularies such as the Gene Ontology (GO). We here address the question of what such annotations signify and of how they are created by working biologists. Our goal is to promote a better understanding of how the results of experiments are captured in annotations in the hope that this will lead to better representations of biological reality through (...)
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  34.  2
    Twenty-First Century Inequality & Capitalism: Piketty, Marx and Beyond.Lauren Langman & David A. Smith (eds.) - 2018 - BRILL.
    _Twenty-First Century Inequality & Capitalism: Piketty, Marx and Beyond_ is a collection of critical essays on the economist’s iconic 2014 book, from the perspective of critical theory, global political economy or public sociology, mostly drawn from the Marxist tradition.
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  35.  68
    The Cambridge companion to Husserl.Barry Smith & David Woodruff Smith (eds.) - 1995 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    The essays in this volume explore the full range of Husserl's work and reveal just how systematic his philosophy is. There are treatments of his most important contributions to phenomenology, intentionality and the philosophy of mind, epistemology, the philosophy of language, ontology, and mathematics. An underlying theme of the volume is a resistance to the idea, current in much intellectual history, of a radical break between 'modern' and 'postmodern' philosophy, with Husserl as the last of the great Cartesians. Husserl is (...)
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  36. Warranted Diagnosis.David Limbaugh, David Kasmier, Werner Ceusters & Barry Smith - 2019 - In David Limbaugh, David Kasmier, Werner Ceusters & Barry Smith (eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Biomedical Ontology (ICBO), Buffalo, NY. Buffalo: pp. 1-10.
    A diagnostic process is an investigative process that takes a clinical picture as input and outputs a diagnosis. We propose a method for distinguishing diagnoses that are warranted from those that are not, based on the cognitive processes of which they are the outputs. Processes designed and vetted to reliably produce correct diagnoses will output what we shall call ‘warranted diagnoses’. The latter are diagnoses that should be trusted even if they later turn out to have been wrong. Our work (...)
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  37. Acts of Dissent: New Developments in the Study of Protest.Dieter Rucht, Ruud Koopmans, Friedhelm Niedhardt, Mark R. Beissinger, Louis J. Crishock, Grzegorz Ekiert, Olivier Fillieule, Pierre Gentile, Peter Hocke, Jan Kubik, John D. McCarthy, Clark McPhail, Johan L. Olivier, Susan Olzak, David Schweingruber, Jackie Smith & Sidney Tarrow - 1999 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    Although living conditions have improved throughout history, protest, at least in the last few decades, seems to have increased to the point of becoming a normal phenomenon in modern societies. Contributors to this volume examine how and why this is the case and argue that although problems such as poverty, hunger, and violations of democratic rights may have been reduced in advanced Western societies, a variety of other problems and opportunities have emerged and multiplied the reasons and possibilities for protest.
     
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  38. From Logic through Ontology to Phenomenology.David Woodruff Smith - 2003 - In Jorge J. E. Gracia, Gregory M. Reichberg & Bernard N. Schumacher (eds.), The Classics of Western Philosophy: A Reader's Guide. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
     
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  39.  26
    The Penguin Book of Chinese Verse.David R. Knechtges, Robert Kotewall, Norman L. Smith & A. R. Davis - 1977 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 97 (3):357.
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  40. A Dynamic Systems Approach to the Development of Cognition and Action.David Morris, E. Thelen & L. B. Smith - 1997 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 11 (2).
  41.  20
    Animals, science, and ethics--Section III. Critical anthropomorphism, animal suffering, and the ecological context.David B. Morton, G. M. Berghardt & Jane A. Smith - 1990 - Hastings Center Report 20 (3).
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  42. A science of topography: Bridging the qualitative-quantitative divide.David M. Mark & Barry Smith - 2004 - In David M. Mark & Barry Smith (eds.), Geographic Information Science and Mountain Geomorphology. Chichester, England: Springer-Praxis. pp. 75--100.
    The shape of the Earth's surface, its topography, is a fundamental dimension of the environment, shaping or mediating many other environmental flows or functions. But there is a major divergence in the way that topography is conceptualized in different domains. Topographic cartographers, information scientists, geomorphologists and environmental modelers typically conceptualize topographic variability as a continuous field of elevations or as some discrete approximation to such a field. Pilots, explorers, anthropologists, ecologists, hikers, and archeologists, on the other hand, typically conceptualize this (...)
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  43.  31
    SUNY series in Constructive Postmodern Thought David Ray Griffin, series editor.David Ray Griffin, David Ray Griflin, William A. Beardslee, Joe Holland, Huston Smith, Robert Inchausti, David W. Orr, John B. Cobb Jr, Marcus P. Ford & Pete Ay Gunter - 2004 - In T. E. Eastman & H. Keeton (eds.), Physics and Whitehead: Quantum, Process, and Experience. Suny Press.
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  44.  32
    Multiply-constrained semantic search in the Remote Associates Test.Kevin A. Smith, David E. Huber & Edward Vul - 2013 - Cognition 128 (1):64-75.
  45. Common genetic variants in the CLDN2 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci alter risk for alcohol-related and sporadic pancreatitis.David C. Whitcomb, Jessica LaRusch, Alyssa M. Krasinskas, Lambertus Klei, Jill P. Smith, Randall E. Brand, John P. Neoptolemos, Markus M. Lerch, Matt Tector, Bimaljit S. Sandhu, Nalini M. Guda, Lidiya Orlichenko, Samer Alkaade, Stephen T. Amann, Michelle A. Anderson, John Baillie, Peter A. Banks, Darwin Conwell, Gregory A. Coté, Peter B. Cotton, James DiSario, Lindsay A. Farrer, Chris E. Forsmark, Marianne Johnstone, Timothy B. Gardner, Andres Gelrud, William Greenhalf, Jonathan L. Haines, Douglas J. Hartman, Robert A. Hawes, Christopher Lawrence, Michele Lewis, Julia Mayerle, Richard Mayeux, Nadine M. Melhem, Mary E. Money, Thiruvengadam Muniraj, Georgios I. Papachristou, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Joseph Romagnuolo, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Stuart Sherman, Peter Simon, Vijay P. Singh, Adam Slivka, Donna Stolz, Robert Sutton, Frank Ulrich Weiss, C. Mel Wilcox, Narcis Octavian Zarnescu, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Michael R. O'Connell, Michelle L. Kienholz, Kathryn Roeder & M. Micha Barmada - unknown
    Pancreatitis is a complex, progressively destructive inflammatory disorder. Alcohol was long thought to be the primary causative agent, but genetic contributions have been of interest since the discovery that rare PRSS1, CFTR and SPINK1 variants were associated with pancreatitis risk. We now report two associations at genome-wide significance identified and replicated at PRSS1-PRSS2 and X-linked CLDN2 through a two-stage genome-wide study. The PRSS1 variant likely affects disease susceptibility by altering expression of the primary trypsinogen gene. The CLDN2 risk allele is (...)
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  46.  18
    Testing analogical rule transfer in pigeons.Muhammad A. J. Qadri, F. Gregory Ashby, J. David Smith & Robert G. Cook - 2019 - Cognition 183 (C):256-268.
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  47.  53
    Viewers base estimates of face matching accuracy on their own familiarity: Explaining the photo-ID paradox.Kay L. Ritchie, Finlay G. Smith, Rob Jenkins, Markus Bindemann, David White & A. Mike Burton - 2015 - Cognition 141 (C):161-169.
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  48. An assessment of the foundational assumptions in high-resolution climate projections: the case of UKCP09.Roman Frigg, Leonard A. Smith & David A. Stainforth - unknown
    The United Kingdom Climate Impacts Programme’s UKCP09 project makes high-resolution projections of the climate out to 2100 by post-processing the outputs of a large-scale global climate model. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the methodology used and then urge some caution. Given the acknowledged systematic, shared errors of all current climate models, treating model outputs as decision-relevant projections can be significantly misleading. In extrapolatory situations, such as projections of future climate change, there is little reason to (...)
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  49. Geographical Categories: An Ontological Retrospective.Barry Smith & David M. Mark - 2001 - International Journal of Geographical Information Science 15 (7):507–512.
    Since it is only five years since the publication of our paper, "Geographical categories: An ontological investigation" (Smith and Mark 2001), it seems somewhat strange to be making retrospective comments on the piece. Nevertheless, the field is moving quickly, and much has happened since the article appeared. A large number of papers have already cited the work, which suggests that there is a seam here that people find worthy of being mined. In this short essay, we first review the (...)
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  50.  97
    The Myopia of Imperfect Climate Models: The Case of UKCP09.Roman Frigg, Leonard A. Smith & David A. Stainforth - 2013 - Philosophy of Science 80 (5):886-897.
    The United Kingdom Climate Impacts Program’s UKCP09 project makes high-resolution forecasts of climate during the 21st century using state of the art global climate models. The aim of this paper is to introduce and analyze the methodology used and then urge some caution. Given the acknowledged systematic errors in all current climate models, treating model outputs as decision relevant probabilistic forecasts can be seriously misleading. This casts doubt on our ability, today, to make trustworthy, high-resolution predictions out to the end (...)
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